Socrates A Martyr Or Confessor Essay - 1346 Words

Socrates: A Martyr or Confessor Socrates was a man in Athens, who set out in search for truth and knowledge. In doing this, he managed to anger some of his fellow men by exposing their ignorance. In 399 BC, he was arraigned on three different charges. He was accused of corrupting the youth of Athens. He was, also, indicted on charges of heresy and treason. As well, charged with being an atheist, not believing in the Gods. According to some people, Socrates deserved to die and to others his death made him a martyr. Using several sources, including The Apology, I will enlighten readers with the reasons behind some people’s beliefs that he died a martyr, in addition to, the beliefs of others who say Socrates had a touch of arrogance in insensitivity and deserved the death sentence, hence, the confessor. The Apology is Plato’s rendition of Socrates’ trial, but despite what the name would have you believe, it is not about Socrates having an expression of regret or admission to having done anything wrong. The word apology comes from the Greek word â€Å"apologia† meaning â€Å"explanation†. Something that is said to defend something that other people criticize. Or a desire to make clear the grounds for some course, belief, or position (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). In literature, an autobiographical form in which a defense is the framework for discussion of the author s personal beliefs. An example is Plato s Apology, in which Socrates answers his accusers by giving a history of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Christianity Of Persecution Of The Early Church2528 Words   |  11 Pagesduring the most challenging of times. But are we believing in a false history? Are we taking the truth of Christian persecution for granted when it is, in fact, not true at all? And, finally, are we placing too much significance on early Christian martyrs, thinking that they demonstrate far more than they are able? According to Candida Moss, the answer to all three of these questions is, yes. In her book, The Myth of Persecution, she argues that the church has significantly overemphasized the extentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLEARNING Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness For more than 300 years, knowledge of the self has been considered to be at the very core of human behavior. The ancient dictum â€Å"Know thyself† has been variously attributed to Plato, Pythagoras, Thales, and Socrates. Plutarch noted that this inscription was carved on the Delphic Oracle, that mystical sanctuary where kings and generals sought advice on matters of greatest importance to them. As early as 42 B.C., Publilius Syrus proposed: â€Å"It matters not what

Leadership Ethics Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi And...

Group Essay – Group 4, Team 9 1. Introduction Great leaders throughout human history have emerged from different eras but seem to be at the right place at the right time. Each of their stories has been studied, dissected and exemplified. We agree that there is no single formula for leadership, and it will be best understood from multiple perspectives (Shriberg and Shriberg, 2011). We also accept the fact that every leader leads differently. Our team has chosen three exemplary leaders of all time – Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and Jack Welch. Each one of them has exhibited a great amount of leadership skills and up to this day are used as examples in our current globalised economics. Their leadership has shaped countries and their influence has stretched far outside their areas of interest. We also uphold the ethical leadership in our discussions as supported by this course. We will present the leadership ethics that guided these leaders, how their leadership evolved, elements of multi-cultural leadership and the theories and psychology behind their success as leaders. Afterwards, we will present a comparison and contrast of these leaders to come up with the most effective leadership style that may be applicable to our current systems. 2. Leaders 2.1 Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi was seen by many, but not all, as an ethical leader. He remains one of the most influential leader of the 20th century. After gradating from London, he practiced law in SouthShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Autocratic and Participative Leadership2547 Words   |  11 PagesThis report aims to describe a leadership style that enables and helps contain employee work activity. Boundaries set by leaders help them provide guidance and direction, motivate action and creativity, stimulate individuality and ideas, and protect and nurture a space for employees to perform in. Leadership prescriptions have gone through many phases. While the consultative leadership was considerate, it was soft, and too idealistic. Authoritarian and directive leadership on the other hand were strictRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBusiness Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management

Cloning Humans Essay Research Paper And the free essay sample

Cloning Worlds Essay, Research Paper ? And the Lord God formed adult male of the dust of the land, and breathed into his nostrilsthe breath of life ; and adult male became a livingsoul. . . and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh alternatively thereof ; and the rib, which the Lord God had taken from adult male, made He a adult female and brought her unto man. ? -Genesis 2:7 21-22 Human cloning is going one of the most controversial subjects of our clip. With recent technological discoveries, whole new Fieldss are opening with astonishing possibilities. Despite the great advantages that cloning can offer humanity, there are merely as many negative facets of the engineering, which have given manner to big anti-cloning groups who are deriving land as to the hereafter of this amazing power. In truth, cloning could really good be the best, or worst thing of all time to go on to mankind. The possibilities of human cloning are huge so, but research in the country has been dramatically restricted in the United States and in some other states. Pro-life groups that oppose free entree to abortion have considerable political power, and were able to hold all human embryo research banned by the Reagan and Bush disposals in most of the 1980? s and the 1990? s ( religoustolerance ) . Although the prohibition was lifted during the first yearss of Bill Clinton? s presidential term, in 1997 he sent a measure to Congress marked? immediate consideration and motivate passage? saying that it would be illegal to make a human ringer whether in private or public research labs. Along with the US prohibition, 19 European states including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Sweden, Macedonia, and Turkey, signed a protocol that would perpetrate their states to censor by jurisprudence any intercession seeking to make human existences genetically indistinguishable to another human being, whether life or dead. It regulations out any exclusion to the prohibition, even in the instance of a wholly unfertile twosome. Britain and Germany nevertheless, did non subscribe this understanding. Germany claims that the protocol would be weaker than the anti-research Torahs they already have, while Britain strongly supports their determination to implement freedom. Gallic president Jaques Chirac stated that? Nothing will be resolved by censoring certain patterns in one state if scientists and physicians can merely work them elsewhere. ? Despite all these obstructions, Dr. Richard Seed, a strong protagonist of human cloning, caused tumult when he announced his programs to put up a clinic to clone human babes for sterile twosomes ( CNN ) . We may non cognize the single or squad who foremost performed cloning of human embryos, but the methods used have been understood for many old ages and really used to clone embryos of cowss and sheep. It is likely this has already been successfully used on human embryos in secret. Robert J. Stillman and his squad at the George Washington Medical Center in Washington D.C. took 17 blemished human embryos, which had been derived from an egg cell that had been fertilized by two sets of sperm ensuing in an excess set of chromosomes, and destining the egg cell # 8217 ; s hereafter. The cells would hold finally died no affair how they were treated. Stillman? s experiment showed that the best consequences could be obtained by disrupting the fertilized ovum at the two-cell phase, dividing the cells, and puting them in separate dishes as to let them to get down turning once more. Many of these braces were able to develop to the 32-cell phase, but no farther. They might hold had the possible to develop farther and even maturate into a feasible foetus, except the original egg cell was faulty and would hold died anyhow. For ethical grounds, the research workers selected embryos that had no possibility of of all time maturating. The chief motivation of the experiment seems to hold been to trip public argument on the moralss of human cloning ( religioustolerance ) . Dr. Steven Muller headed a panel in the United states whose authorization was to bring forth preliminary cloning guidelines. These would be used by the federal National Institute of Health to make up ones mind which cloning research to fund. The panel recommended that surveies be limited to the usage of embryos that developed during in vitro fertilisation processs that had been performed to aid twosomes in gestating. Often, excess fertilized ovums are produced that are either discarded or stop dead for possible hereafter usage. They farther recommended that any surveies be terminated within 14 yearss of construct. At that gestational age, nervous cord closing begins ; this is the start the development of nervous system. The scientific community had deemed the existent act of cloning a mammal impossible, until Dr. Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland achieved it in July of 1996. The success of his experiment was communicated to the imperativeness on February 23rd 1997. Dolly , a seven month-old sheep, was displayed to the media ; she was the first big cloned carnal utilizing Deoxyribonucleic acid from another grownup. Since Dolly # 8217 ; s construct, the Institute has successfully cloned seven sheep of three strains. The technique that they developed can likely be applied to other domesticated mammals. On December 14 1998, research workers at the sterility clinic at Kyeonghee University in Korea announced that they had successfully cloned a human. Scientists Kim Seung-bo and Lee Bo-yeon took an egg cell from a adult female, removed its Deoxyribonucleic acid and inserted a bodily cell from the same 30 twelvemonth old adult female into the egg cell. Their studies stated: We were able to confirm division up to the 4th cell phase, the phase of embryo development when a trial tubing embryo is normally placed back in the womb, where it so farther develops into a foetus. The end of their research was non to clone a human, but to clone specific, genetically indistinguishable variety meats for homo graft. They did non engraft the ringer into a human womb because of ethical considerations. They destroyed it. The Korean Federation for the Environmental Movement instantly issued a statement knocking the survey. Members of the Life Safety Ethics Association held protest presentations in forepart of the University ( religioustolerance ) . Despite popular belief, cloning has been used since the early 1950? s by husbandmans to guarantee good harvests utilizing a technique in which the karyon of an egg cell is destroyed, and replace it with a karyon from the cell of a higher being. The egg will so turn into a familial transcript of the donor being. While this procedure can guarantee harvests indistinguishable to a old crop, It will non work on mammals, because of the bantam size of the eggs ( Clone ) . Possibilities for cloning include such things as making kids for infertile twosomes, reaping familial transcripts of variety meats to avoid rejection by the immune system in grafts, or even traveling every bit far as to create replacing kids for parents who have lost person in some kind of accident. Cloning may even keep the key to a remedy malignant neoplastic disease. The stuffs to make a research lab can easy be purchased in most major states at a reasonably inexpensive monetary value. A working cloning installation could be built in a garage with as small as $ 10000. In world there is no manner to forestall the cloning of a human being. It would be better for person, who is responsible plenty to utilize the engineering intelligently, than for person to utilize the secret of cloning to there ain advantage ( Kaku ) . All in all, human cloning could perchance be the most important event in human history. Should we take one route to a totalitarianistic society of genetically engineered ringers like Aldous Huxley? s Brave New World, or a universe in which parents can make interior decorator kids with the features of their pick as in the film? Gattaca? ? The unbelievable power held within our cistrons could perchance take to a perfect society where peace and felicity reign supreme, or it could really good take to the devastation of the human race itself. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. ? 19 Europeans Nations Sign Ban on Human Cloning? . Posted January 12, 1998 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. ? Clinton Act Draws Line At Human Cloning? . Posted October 23, 1997 Hartl, Daniel L. ? Clone? . World Book Encyclopedia. 1996. page 685 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.humancloning.org. accessed 9-1-99. ? Human Cloning Foundation? . Kaku, Michiu. ? Visions? . Anchor Books DoubleDay. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland. 1997. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.religoustolerance.com/cloning.htm. accessed 9-13-99. ? Cloning? .

What Is The Significance Of Human Mortality, According To Heidegger E

What Is The Significance Of Human Mortality, According To Heidegger? Martin Heidegger (1889 1976) was, and still is considered to be, along with the likes of Soren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Jean-Paul Sartre, one of the principal exponents of 20th century Existentialism. An extraordinarily original thinker, a critic of technological society and the leading Ontologist of his time, Heideggers philosophy became a primary influence upon the thoughts of the younger generations of continental European cultural personalities of his time. The son of a Catholic sexton, Heidegger displayed an early interest in religion and philosophy; at school he began an intensive study of the late 19th century Catholic philosopher Franz Brentano and, as we shall see, Brentanos descriptive psychology, as presented in his On the Manifold Meaning of Being According to Aristotle, played a major role in Heideggers philosophy. Upon leaving school, he was enrolled at the University of Freiburg and, whilst there, he studied both Catholic theology and Christian philosophy. Heideggers early study of Brentano encouraged him to look more closely at the Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle and the Gnostics. He was particularly influenced, however by several 19th and 20th century writers and philosophers such as Soren Kierkegaard (often referred to as the father of Existentialism), Friedrich Nietzsche, Wilhelm Dilthey (noted for directing the attention of his contemporary philosophers to human and historical sciences), and by the founder of Phenomenology, Edmund Husserl. Husserls Phenomenology can be seen as a response to the intrusion of psychology into the essential studies of man; he felt that the study of man should, instead be conducted on a purely philosophical level. His way of thinking determined, to a large extent, the background of Heideggers later work. Indeed, Heideggers comments upon existential themes such as anxiety, distress and care were not meant as psychological or anthropological comments or propositions. Instead, they were specifically proposed as philosophical (or, more accurately, ontological) statements and phenomenological observations. Remembering the influence of Brentano and Aristotle, we will see that Heideggers principle philosophical concern was the disclosure of the various ways of Being and particularly, Human Being. In 1927, Heidegger astonished the German philosophical domain with the publication of his magnum opus Sein und Zeit , a work that, although almost unreadable, was immediately felt to be of primary importance. Perhaps partly due to its intriguingly difficult style, the book was acclaimed as a very deep and important work not only in German speaking countries but also in Latin countries, where Phenomenology had already been popularised. It strongly influenced Jean-Paul Sartre (although, as with Husserl, Sartres phenomenological ontology concentrated more upon consciousness than Heidegger believed was necessary). Despite his protestations, Heidegger was classed, on the strength of Being and Time as the leading atheistic Existentialist. However, the book received a colder reception in England and its influence was negligible for several decades. In order to understand the above titled question, we must first attempt to understand some of the fundamental points that define Heideggers difficult philosophy. To begin with, it may useful for us to consider Heideggers reasons for writing Being and Time and, to consider some of the philosophical problems that the book addresses. Heidegger believed that traditional philosophy was inherently problematic due to a particular way of understanding the nature of reality. This particular way, prevalent ever-since the dawn of western history due to the likes of Herecleitus and Aristotle, is an ontology which states that what is ultimately real is that which lies underneath properties (or entities) and remains continuously present throughout change. As pointed out by Charles B. Guigon in The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, this naturalistic philosophy is sometimes referred to as Substance Ontology. Substance Ontology reaches its problematic peak with the Cartesian Cogito, as Guigon states, Ever since Descartes, this substance ontology has bred a covey of either/ors that generate the so-called problems of philosophy: either there is a mind or everything is just matter; either our ideas do represent objects or nothing exists outside the mindeither something in me remains constant throughout change or there is no personal identity; either values have objective existence or everything is permitted. Heidegger believed that the constant move and countermove arguments resulting from this naturalistic ontology were counter-productive and hence, could